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Estimation of regional physical imports and exports of EW-MFA in China using monetary input-output tables

Nan LI, Tianzhu ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 242-254 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0443-6

摘要： Given the statistical gaps in material flow among provinces in China, a method was introduced to estimate regional physical imports and exports (RPIE), which includes international and interregional imports/exports. This method uses provincial monetary input-output tables (MIOT) and international trade statistics. A coefficient matrix representing correlations between monetary value and physical mass for years 2000–2009 was obtained based on a detailed commodity classification and 22 material production sectors in MIOT. With the coefficient matrix as reference, RPIE was measured. Pilot calculation of both regional physical trade balance and domestic material consumption, as well as a brief analysis of these methods, were conducted using 2002 data.

关键词： economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) monetary input-output table (MIOT) regional physical imports and exports estimation

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End-of-life batteries management and material flow analysis in South Korea

Hyunhee Kim, Yong-Chul Jang, Yeonjung Hwang, Youngjae Ko, Hyunmyeong Yun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1019-x

摘要： Consumers increasingly have worn-out batteries as electrical and electronic equipment with new technical developments are introduced into the market and quickly replace older models. As a result, large amounts of end-of-life (EOL) or waste batteries are generated. Such batteries may contain a variety of materials that includes valuable resources as well as toxic elements. Thus, the proper recycling and management of batteries is very important from the perspective of resource conservation and environmental effect. The collection and recycling of EOL batteries is relatively low in South Korea compared to other countries, although an extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy was adopted for battery recycling in 2003. In this study, the management and material flow of EOL batteries is presented to determine potential problems and quantitative flow, based on literature review, site visits to battery recycling facilities, and interviews with experts in the Korea Battery Recycling Association (KBRA), manufacturers, and regulators in government. The results show that approximately 558 tons of manganese-alkaline batteries, the largest fraction among recycling target items, was disposed in landfills or incinerators in 2015, while approximately 2,000 tons of batteries were recovered at a recycling facility by simple sorting and crushing processes. By raising environmental awareness, more diverse and effective collection systems could be established for consumers to easily dispose of EOL batteries in many places. Producers, retailers and distributors in South Korea should also play an important role in the collection of EOL batteries from consumers. Lithium-ion batteries from many electronic devices must be included in the EPR system for resource recovery.

关键词： End-of-life battery Recycling Material flow analysis (MFA) Extended producer responsibility (EPR) Resource recovery

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Sinks of steel in China–addition to in-use stock, export and loss

Hua GUO,Tianzhu ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 141-149 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0696-3

摘要： China has become the largest producer of crude steel in the world since 1996, which places the country under huge pressure in terms of resources, energy, and the environment. Examining the driver of steel demand is of great significance to the structural adjustment and sustainable development of the steel industry. The researchers calculate the steel demand in China from 2000 to 2009 based on three sinks (steel stock, export, and loss) by taking the four stages of steel life cycle (production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management and recycling) as the study object. The researchers conclude that addition to in-use stock is the main driver of steel demand and that the 10-year average addition to in-use stock accounted for 77% of the steel sinks, in which 55% of the addition occurs in the building sector, and the steel for this segment is of low strength with large consumption. Based on the analysis of existing policies, the researchers propose that the steel demand structure will develop toward diversification and that the building sector will realize the upgrade of products as soon as possible to improve construction quality. Under the pressure of rising cost for imported resources, the export ratio of steel products should be controlled appropriately. Thus, recycling economy should be developed to reduce steel losses.

关键词： steel demand driver Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) addition to in-use stock steel policy

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The Building of Papermaking Enterprise’s Recycling Economy Evaluation Index System Based on Value Flow

Zhi-fang Zhou,Jing Ou,Sha-sha Wang,Xiao-hong Chen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 9-17 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016009

摘要： At present, the research on circular economy has made a lot of substantive results both at home and abroad. But for the papermaking enterprise, which is the representative of the light industry, few studies have analyzed the evaluation index system of circular economy. Since the current material flow analyses have limitations that the researchers cannot calculate materials with different units. The authors take advantage of the intrinsic correlation between the basic principle of value flow analysis and circular economy, and then analyze the dynamic changes of material flow and value flow through enterprises internal production process. Considering the resource output, the authors set up the layered structure of the evaluation index system, and then preliminarily determine the index form. Next, the authors use the frequency statistics analysis method to adjust indicators, forming a preliminary index system. After that, the principal component analysis and independent analysis are applied for screening. Finally, the authors build a circular economy evaluation index system for papermaking enterprise to provide scientific guidance for the process of circular economy.

关键词： circular economy the papermaking enterprise material flow analysis value flow analysis evaluation index system

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Win-Win: Anthropogenic circularity for metal criticality and carbon neutrality

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1623-2

摘要：

● Anthropogenic circularity science is an emerging interdisciplinary field.

关键词： Anthropogenic circularity Material flow analysis Criticality Carbon neutrality Solid waste Circular economy

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Sustainable design of sanitation system based on material and value flow analysis for urban slum in Indonesia

Ken USHIJIMA, Mitsuteru IRIE, Neni SINTAWARDANI, Jovita TRIASTUTI, Umi HAMIDAH, Tadaharu ISHIKAWA, Naoyuki FUNAMIZU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 120-126 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0460-5

摘要： Material flow analysis (MFA) and value flow analysis (VFA) were applied to the sanitation system in an urban slum in Indonesia. Based on the results of the MFA and VFA, garbage and excreta disposal costs were evaluated to be 0.7% and 1.1%, respectively, of per capita income. Such value flows seem reasonable in light of the recognized affordability to pay (ATP) standard. However, current excreta disposal methods create negative impacts on downstream populations. Because such disadvantages do not go back to disposers, but passed to downstream, the current value flow structure does not motivate individual toilet users to install treatment facility. Based on current material and value flow structures, a resource recycling sanitation system scenario was examined. Based on VFA, an affordable initial cost for such a system was calculated; this was found to be comparable in price to a cheaper composting toilet that is currently available in the market.

关键词： material flow value flow resource recycling system sustainable design initial cost urban slum

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The First Attempt for Accounts of Environmental Chemistry and Technology Research

Jinyong Liu, Yin Wang, Haoran Wei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1270-9

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化工、冶金与材料领域颠覆性技术影响初探

“化工、冶金与材料领域”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 34-41 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.006

摘要：

化工、冶金与材料工业通过获取自然资源进行再加工，生产人类生活所必需的材料、化学品和二次能源，为人类社会发展和国民经济建设提供了重要的物质基础。本文梳理了化工、冶金与材料领域历史上曾产生过的、公认的具有颠覆性意义的技术，分析了这类技术对人们日常生活、人类社会文明进步的影响和对传统技术的颠覆。并根据愿景驱动、问题导向和世界技术发展趋势，对化工、冶金与材料领域未来高效、安全、节能环保的可持续性科学发展模式，以及有望产生的颠覆性技术对国计民生的影响进行了展望，提出了浆态床渣油加氢转化技术、冶金制造流程功能拓展技术、石墨烯等具有颠覆性意义的技术。最后针对颠覆性技术的培育、发展和所需营造的环境提出了相关政策与建议。

关键词：化工冶金材料颠覆性技术国计民生

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智能电网广域输电系统可视化 Artical

Thomas J. Overbye,James Weber

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第4期页码 466-474 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015098

摘要：

安装大量新型传感器和通信设备，并修建用于储存和管理这些设备收集的数据的计算基础设施，是建立输电系统“智能电网”的第一步。对设备进行大量投资之后，当前的关注点是开发大规模数据集的分析和可视化方法。大量新数据的最直接的应用是数据可视化。本文介绍了过去数年内电力行业针对数据可视化所开展的一些可视化技术的调研。这些技术包括饼图技术、动画技术、等高线技术、时变图技术、基于地理的显示技术、图像融合技术和数据聚合技术。本文还着重介绍了“迷你图”新概念，用这种相当于文字大小的图形显示大量时变数据是一种极为有效的方法。

关键词：电力系统广域可视化潮流暂态稳定性智能电网迷你图

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广域电磁法和拟流场法精细探测技术——以井工一矿水害探测为例 Article

何继善

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 667-675 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.006

摘要：

井工一矿存在严重的老空区和水害。以往的单一勘探方法，如地震法、直流电法、音频大地电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法、瞬变电磁法等，均未能探明老采空区范围和水害赋存情况。为了解决这个难题，联合采用广域电磁法和井- 地拟流场法的三位一体立体式探测技术，并利用三维反演电阻率资料精准获取富水区域和采空区的位置，确定了不同层位水的连通性，为井工一矿的安全生产提供了可靠的技术保障。结果合理、成效显著，释放了近4 km² 的可采面积。

关键词：广域电磁法拟流场法采空区富水性精细探测

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β-Nickel hydroxide cathode material for nano-suspension redox flow batteries

Yue LI, Cheng HE, Elena V. TIMOFEEVA, Yujia DING, Javier PARRONDO, Carlo SEGRE, Vijay RAMANI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 401-409 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0496-0

摘要： As part of an effort to build a prototype flow battery system using a nano-suspension containing β-Ni(OH) nanoparticles as the cathode material, nano-sized β-Ni(OH) particles with well-controlled particle size and morphology were synthesized via the one-step precipitation of a NiCl precursor. The composition and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns confirmed that β-Ni(OH) was successfully synthesized, while SEM results showed that the particle sizes range from 70 to 150 nm. To ensure that Ni(OH) could be employed in the nano-suspension flow battery, the electrochemical performance of the synthesized β-Ni(OH) was initially tested in pouch cells through charge/discharge cycling. The phase transformations occurring during charge/discharge were investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy to obtain the shift in the oxidation state of Ni (X-ray adsorption near edge structure, XANES) and the distances between Ni and surrounding atoms in charged and discharged states (extended X-ray absorption fine structure, EXAFS). XANES results indicated that the electrode in the discharged state was a mixture of phases because the edge position did not shift back completely. XAFS results further proved that the discharge capacity was provided by β-NiOOH and the ratio between β-Ni(OH) and g-NiOOH in the electrode in the discharged state was 71:29. Preliminary nano-suspension tests in a lab-scale cell were conducted to understand the behavior of the nano-suspension during charge/discharge cycling and to optimize the operating conditions.

关键词： nano-suspension flow battery β-Ni(OH)₂ scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)

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Research on low carbon management using a scientific classification method

Shanna QI, Meiting JU, Meng DUAN, Wei XING

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 524-530 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0333-3

摘要： This research is aimed at the rapid development of a low-carbon economy, in which we propose the classification and application of relevant management measures to affect the development of environmental management ideas and measures of the low-carbon economy, which we called as low carbon management measures. According to scientific analysis of the low-carbon economy, we can divide low-carbon management measures into three parts: measures for reduction of carbon sources, carbon flow planning, and increase of carbon sinks. Furthermore, we list the advantages that China can utilize to develop its own low-carbon management measures. In the end, necessary adjustments to environmental management measures in China can be made according to this scientific classification.

关键词： low-carbon economy low carbon management carbon source carbon flow carbon sink

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Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors for GHG emissions of aluminum industry in China

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 294-305 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0819-7

摘要： China’s aluminum (Al) production has released a huge amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As one of the biggest country of primary Al production, China must mitigate its overall GHG emission from its Al industry so that the national carbon neutrality target can be achieved. Under such a background, the study described in this paper conducts a dynamic material flow analysis to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution features of Al flows in China from 2000 to 2020. Decomposition analysis is also performed to uncover the driving factors of GHG emission generated from the Al industry. The major findings include the fact that China’s primary Al production center has transferred to the western region; the primary Al smelting and carbon anode consumption are the most carbon-intensive processes in the Al life cycle; the accumulative GHG emission from electricity accounts for 78.14% of the total GHG emission generated from the Al industry; China’s current Al recycling ratio is low although the corresponding GHG emission can be reduced by 93.73% if all the primary Al can be replaced by secondary Al; and the total GHG emission can be reduced by 88.58% if major primary Al manufacturing firms are transferred from Inner Mongolia to Yunnan. Based upon these findings and considering regional disparity, several policy implications are proposed, including promotion of secondary Al production, support of clean electricity penetration, and relocation of the Al industry.

关键词： aluminum material flow analysis GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions LMDI (logarithmic mean divisa index)

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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

摘要： Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections. To effectively defend against such infections, two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants; pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive. Recently, the rapid development of omics techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level. In this review, we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs, popular PPI network analysis approaches, and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs. Then, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogen-centric PPI networks, plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens. We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

关键词： plant–pathogen interactions systems biology omics plant immunity protein–protein interaction network

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Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 146-161 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0373-8

摘要：

Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years. Lifestyle change fuels obesity, but genetic factors cause more than 50% of average variations in obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has hastened the progress of polygenic obesity research. As of this writing, more than 73 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified in ethnic groups through GWAS. The identified loci explain only 2% to 4% of obesity heritability, thereby indicating that a large proportion of loci remain undiscovered. Thus, the next step is to identify and confirm novel loci, which may exhibit smaller effects and lower allele frequencies than established loci. However, achieving these tasks has been difficult for researchers. GWAS help researchers discover the causal loci. Moreover, numerous biological studies have been performed on the polygenic effects on obesity, such as studies on fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), but the role of these polygenic effects in the mechanism of obesity remains unclear. Thus, obesity-causing variations should be identified, and insights into the biology of polygenic effects on obesity are needed.

关键词： obesity genetics genome-wide association studies body mass index fat mass- and obesity-associated gene